The option of cooling solution mainly depends on the inverter power
With the reduction of the size of the photovoltaic inverter and the increase of the power of the single equipment, the requirements of thermal design are higher and higher. The designer must comprehensively consider the thermal performance, protection, installability, maintainability and economic cost of the inverter cooling system. Among them, the power of the single equipment is an important basis for the design of thermal solution.
Inverter cooling technologies include natural cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change cooling
The research shows that the cooling efficiency of forced air cooling is 10~20 times that of natural cooling, and liquid cooling is a more efficient way of cooling. In terms of the complexity of the structure and the difficulty of implementation, the forced air cooling system is simpler, easier to implement and more reliable than the liquid cooling system. Therefore, the forced air cooling method is preferred in the power supply industry, followed by natural cooling, liquid cooling and other cooling methods.
Normally, the operating temperature of electronic components is allowed in the range of 40~60℃. Under the upper permissible temperature of 60℃, the maximum heat flux of natural cooling can be 0.05W/cm2. When the heat flux is greater than 0.05W/cm2, natural cooling need improve the cooling effect by some special means, but it needs to sacrifice the performance, device life or cost as the price. When the heat flux is greater than 0.05W/cm2, the forced air cooling method can get satisfactory comprehensive performance and low cost. When the heat flux continues to increase, it is necessary to choose other cooling methods such as liquid cooling. For large wind energy converters, the cooling method is to choose liquid cooling; Centralized photovoltaic inverter with power between 100KW and 1MW, the cooling method is forced air cooling; And the power from a few kilowatts to tens of kilowatts of cluster type photovoltaic inverter, according to the single power from small to large, the thermal design is also improved from natural cooling to forced air cooling.
Summary: The cooling technology includes natural cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change cooling, etc., which are mainly selected based on the power of the inverter.
String photovoltaic inverters generally work in a roof outdoor environment above 70°C, and the system cooling in a high temperature environment has a particularly important impact on the performance and service life of the equipment. For inverters with power below 20kW, natural cooling can be adopted; while for inverters with power above 25kW, forced air cooling is more suitable.
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