Analysis on new energy vehicle thermal management of various subsystems
1. Analysis of differences between new energy vehicles and traditional vehicle thermal management
Under the trend of electrification, the vehicle thermal management system has changed significantly. New energy vehicles without heat machines need additional heat production devices to maintain the efficient operation of the entire system. The high temperature sensitivity of batteries makes the requirements of complexity and refinement of thermal management of new energy vehicles also improve continuously.
In traditional automobiles, the waste heat of the engine is used to heat the crew cabin, which is adjusted to the appropriate temperature by the warm air core and blown into the cockpit by the blower to heat the crew cabin.
Because the new energy vehicle has no heat generated by the internal combustion engine, it can only obtain additional heat from outside the system through additional PTC resistance heating or heat pump air conditioning, which is used to heat the crew compartment.
After running at high speed, the engine and gearbox of traditional internal combustion engine automobile produce a large amount of waste heat, which needs to be discharged in time to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the mechanism. Therefore, the power system of traditional automobile mainly focuses on heat dissipation.
The power battery performance of new energy vehicles is sensitive to the influence of temperature, and the battery performance is best at 15℃~35℃. Therefore, the power battery thermal management system needs to control the battery temperature in the appropriate temperature range at all times to maximize the improvement of battery performance.
2. New energy vehicle thermal management architecture
The thermal management system of new energy vehicles can be divided into battery system thermal management, air-conditioning system thermal management and electrical control system thermal management.
The thermal management of battery system and air conditioning system have two functions: refrigeration and heating. The thermal management of electric control system is mainly cooling.
3. Thermal management of battery system of new energy vehicles
The activity of new energy vehicle power battery is obviously affected by temperature. Too high temperature is easy to cause overheating and fire, while too low temperature will decrease the activity and sharply attenuate the discharge capacity.
Commonly used battery cooling methods include air cooling, liquid cooling and direct refrigerant cooling, and heating methods include PTC heating and impedance self-heating.
4. Thermal management of electric control system of new energy vehicle
The electric motor and electric control and other power components of electric vehicles have high heat dissipation requirements, which usually require active cooling to ensure that the vehicle is in a safe working temperature range. The electric control cooling system is similar to the engine cooling system, and the main components include electric water pump, radiator, cooling fan, expansion kettle and pipeline.
5. Thermal management of air conditioning system of new energy vehicles
New energy automotive cooling stage and the traditional difference is not big, in the heating stage, because there is no heat engine, often need extra heat generate heat to heat complement system, PTC heating elements due to thermal effect significantly, with resistance to high pressure, fire safety features, often used as a heater, a few models with the more advanced heat pump technology.
6. The new energy thermal management system gradually shifts from distributed to integrated thermal management system
With the development of automobile to electric and intelligent direction, the content of vehicle energy management is increasing, and the requirements of vehicle energy management are also getting higher and higher.
Overall energy management of each subsystem from the vehicle level will become the development trend of electric vehicles in the future.
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